Wednesday, June 1, 2011

Functional Groups

Halids and Nitro compounds can be attached to alkanes, alkenes and alkydes

Halogens                  Nitro
Fluro                        NO2 Nitro
Chloro
Bromo
Ido

Properties of halogenated: F Cl Br I are insoluble in water, F is nonreactive (Teflon) 
Properties of nitro compounds: insoluble in water, unreactive to chemical attack except under drastic conditions, tend to be explosive (TNT), pleasant odour
Alcohols
have an O-H added to the compound
the ending changes from ane to anol
Properties: soluble (except C-H chain), poisonous

Aldehyde
double bonded oxygen at the end of the chain
the ending changes from ane to al

Keytone
double bonded oxygen added to the middle of a chain
the ending changes from ane to one

Properties:
soluble in water, aldehydes (very reactive) =>carboxylic acids, Keytones are relatively unreactive


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