Functional Groups

Halids and Nitro compounds can be attached to alkanes, alkenes and alkydes

Halogens                  Nitro

Fluro                        NO2 Nitro

Chloro

Bromo

Ido

Properties of halogenated: F Cl Br I are insoluble in water, F is nonreactive (Teflon) 

Properties of nitro compounds: insoluble in water, unreactive to chemical attack except under drastic conditions, tend to be explosive (TNT), pleasant odour

Alcohols

have an O-H added to the compound

the ending changes from ane to anol

Properties: soluble (except C-H chain), poisonous

Aldehyde

double bonded oxygen at the end of the chain

the ending changes from ane to al

Keytone

double bonded oxygen added to the middle of a chain

the ending changes from ane to one

Properties:

soluble in water, aldehydes (very reactive) =>carboxylic acids, Keytones are relatively unreactive